Financing a Home Resource Center Mortgage Rates & Buydowns

What Is a 2-1 Mortgage Buydown?

Published 2026-09-09 Last reviewed 2026-09-09 By Lisa C Hamilton, REALTOR®

Quick Answer

A 2-1 buydown is a temporary payment-subsidy structure. Conceptually, the payment is calculated as though the rate were two percentage points below the note rate during year one, one percentage point below during year two, and at the full note rate thereafter. The actual mortgage note remains based on its contractual terms.

Illustrative Example

Suppose the underlying note rate is 6.5%.

For illustration:

  • Year 1 payment may be calculated using 4.5%
  • Year 2 using 5.5%
  • Year 3 onward using 6.5%

This example does NOT represent a current offered rate.

YOU GENERALLY NEED TO QUALIFY BASED ON THE ACTUAL LOAN REQUIREMENTS

The most important rule: you generally need to qualify based on the actual loan requirements, not simply the artificially lower first-year payment.

Do not assume the buydown lets you qualify for a house you otherwise cannot afford.

Why Buyers Like It

The first years of ownership can be expensive.

Buyers may be paying for furniture, moving, landscaping, repairs and new household expenses.

A temporary lower payment can ease that transition.

The Risk

Year three arrives. The subsidy ends.

Do not rely on "I'll refinance before then." Rates might not cooperate.

Buy the home assuming you can handle the eventual payment.

Seller Strategy

A seller concession funding a temporary buydown can sometimes attract buyers more effectively than a modest price reduction.

If buyers are resisting your home's monthly payment, Lisa can evaluate whether a seller-funded financing incentive could be more effective than another price cut.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does my interest rate permanently increase every year?

The structure is temporary; the underlying note rate is established at closing.

Can a builder offer a 2-1 buydown?

Potentially.

Should I buy assuming I'll refinance?

No. Buy the home assuming you can handle the eventual payment.

Lisa C Hamilton, REALTOR® with THE Brokerage, A Real Estate Firm®

Reviewed by

Lisa C Hamilton, REALTOR®, NV License S.168195

Lisa C Hamilton is a Las Vegas Valley REALTOR® affiliated with THE Brokerage, A Real Estate Firm®, helping buyers, sellers, investors, and relocating clients across Clark County and Greater Las Vegas with local market knowledge, property research, and direct personal representation. She is a REALTOR®: she handles the real estate side of your transaction. Individualized mortgage advice comes from an appropriately licensed lender.

If payment, not purchase price, is your biggest concern, compare your options side by side.

Ask Lisa and your lender to compare a seller credit, price reduction and buydown side by side before you write the offer.

Mortgage qualification, rates, loan amounts, and program eligibility are determined by your lender and current program rules, not by Lisa. Always verify current figures with an appropriately licensed mortgage professional and the applicable agency (HUD/FHA, VA, USDA, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or the CFPB).